Not only do I think Facebook’s $10 billion valuation is far from ridiculous, I believe their future value exceeds that of Google.
Simply put, Communication is more valuable than Search. According to Netcraft, there were just over 135,000,000 websites on the internet as of September 2007. Does that seem low to you? It did to me. It is a respectable number, but not inconceivable. I mean, the internet is supposed to be unfathomably huge, but the total number of websites has fewer commas in it than Mark Cuban’s net worth. That means that Google, for all of its tremendous value, is deriving that value by enabling people to search for a reasonably small number of websites.
Maybe I’m looking at the wrong side of the equation, you might say. It’s not how many websites there are, but how many people are looking for them. Ok, the total number of PCs crossed the 1 billion mark earlier in 2007, but how many of them are connected to the internet?
It turns out that number is maybe less than half. Or at least, the number of hosts connected to the internet was as high as 489,774,269. This methodology looks like it provides a reasonable proxy.
So, given the world’s estimated population of 6,602,224,175 in July 2007, (CIA factbook) the internet is sort of smallish.
Well, it is smallish, anyway, compared to the number of people in the world who want to communicate. How big is that number? I am guessing it is around 6,602,224,175, but the real question is how many of those people want for their communication to be facilitated for them in some way? There are about 1.3 billion landline telephones in the world and maybe 1.5 billion TVs. Is that a sign that people want to communicate and will pay for it to be facilitated?
Facebook wants to own what they call the “social graph,” which is like saying they want to own your friend list, and by extension, every friend list of every friend in your friend list. Facilitating all that communication will create value.
Do you make more calls, send more emails, send more IMs and post more comments in a day than you search for websites? I do.
Now think about the communication value chain. Where, as a consumer, do you start when you want to communicate with someone? With your contact list. What is a contact list? An address book in your email client. A buddy list on IM. A PIM on your mobile phone. A friend list on your social networking site.
Right. The onramp to the internet is search, and that is very valuable, but the onramp to communication is your contact list, and that is even more valuable. And that, along with the persistent linkages between contacts, is the social graph.
A one-stop utility that facilitates all communication would be more valuable than a one-stop utility that facilitates all web searches. So by my logic Facebook deserves their $10 billion valuation on their next round. But if that is true, then you have to step back and look at the entire space and place a value on it, as well. Where will the value get created in the future? Why will it get created? If there is a single dominant player, who are the others?
Google may account for about 64% of the search space, but that means there is 36% of the market that someone else owns, and we are talking about real money. So even when you take Yahoo and Microsoft out, even the smallest players like Ask or AltaVista, still today, in the shadow of Google and while they are on their way out, are generating real value.
What I mean about decoupling social networking.
“Social networking” is somewhat, but not inextricably, connected to two things: “The Internet” and “Community.” To unlock the truly massive potential value of social networking, it must be decoupled from these two shackles.
Decoupling social networking from the Internet
First of all, there are 2.7 BILLION active mobile phones in the world today, compared to the less than 500 million internet-connected PCs. Any social networking site that is currently ignoring mobile is doing so at their peril. It is no longer a valid argument that “your core competency is on the web” or that “the carriers are difficult to deal with.” You are in the business of facilitating communication. There are 2.7 billion people communicating with their mobile phones. It is time to recognize the overlap in that Venn Diagram.
More importantly, if you are NOT a social networking site, it is time to recognize the mobile space as a way to leapfrog the internet. Perhaps you are a big media company and you really wanted to buy MySpace but you missed out on that deal. Don’t feel too bad: Remember at the time you thought it was a ridiculous amount of money to spend? Only now does it seem like the steal of the century, particularly given Facebook’s valuation. Mobile represents an opportunity that is at least 5 times the size of the web-based social networking market.
And, the opportunity is growing at a rapid clip. Did you see the September 15th 2007 cover of WirelessWeek? “Social Nets Catch Mobile Users.” Monica Alleven wrote a great overview story that indicates that while MySpace is important to wireless carriers, the market opportunity for other players is wide open because users care about mobile functionality at least as much as they care about brands, and the mobile space is not the internet. (Most of the social networking sites listed on the cover are being powered by Intercasting Corp, btw.)
This means that if you have a compelling offering (and every media company, for instance, does) and you can reach a mobile audience in a social context, there is an opportunity to capture your share of the wireless market if you do it correctly.
But that brings up a good question. How do you do it correctly? “Does that mean I have to become the largest social networking site on the web and then go to the mobile space?” I don’t think so, because there is a second kind of decoupling in store for social networking.
Decoupling social networking from Community
Most social networking sites are focused on becoming “the largest” site, assuming somewhat correctly that audience size drives ad revenue, which is the business model of choice. The problem with the ad model is that the inventory, created by a site’s users, grows at such a rapid clip that it is difficult to create scarcity. This drives CPMs down. Also, this kind of audience isn’t really an “audience” like that of a million people watching a TV show that you can interrupt with your ad. Social networking sites are about communication, and the last thing a user wants to do is click off of the site to take a car insurance rate quiz or whatever.
I don’t disagree with the ad-based business model at all because it is working to some degree, I just know that there are inherent difficulties. Interestingly enough, the prime real estate on social networking sites is powering search, because the larger the community is, the harder it is to find what you are looking for.
But what if you moved the value of social networking over one link on the value chain? Why not provide users a portable profile they can take into any community? Then let them interact with anyone inside any number of communities, and attach those relationships to their contact list, too. Now for extra points make it mobile and interface directly into an active PIM on the device, which is now a “social browser” that enables everyone to communicate in the context they desire and incorporates such things as media sharing, camera integration, etc. By recognizing that “social networking” is about facilitating communication and “community” is the context in which people communicate, you can win, and by executing primarily in the mobile space where there are the most potential active users, you can win big.
This is essentially what I see happening in 2008. The rush to become “the largest” site will be replaced by the rush to become the first link on the communication value chain. So who is rushing?
Who isn’t? Like I said before, owning this position is like becoming the Google of personal communication. Interestingly, it doesn’t necessarily have to belong to a social networking player, though they certainly all have an advantage. In this group, Facebook is the horse I would bet on – they are already positioned as a communication utility and not a destination.
How about media companies? They have the most to gain, but typically recognize the opportunities later, though Newscorp has proven to everyone just how nimble a big media company can be, and Viacom’s recent Tagworld deal that will wrap social networking around their web properties is another good example of a big media company that can move quickly if it wants to.
Infrastructure providers like Ericsson are the unsung heroes of mobile communication. It makes perfect sense for them to work their way up the value chain a link or two and get a little closer to the consumer.
OEMs should be doing more, but so far the only real boat-rocking strategy has come from Nokia, which is turning itself into a software company. Their recent acquisition spree is an indication that they are in for wholesale change. I haven’t seen the positioning yet, but I imagine they will go from “device manufacturer” to “communication utility” soon enough.
GAMY. Google, AOL, Microsoft and Yahoo ::should:: own this category among them, but perhaps they are faced with the Innovator’s Dilemma, unable to escape the organizational inertia that their legacy products tie them to. Maybe, maybe not. I know a senior guy at AOL, for instance, for whom this blog post will resonate, but is one guy enough to move such a large company?
Lastly, there are the Carriers. They are already the gatekeepers of personal communication. They own the customer relationship, and all services flow through them. They can decide what application gets offered and what doesn’t. They can, and do, block IP addresses when a company tries to go around them. It is a small evolution for any carrier to become the “social browser.” Tweak the PIM a little bit, integrate the camera and bring messaging up to the top level on the device (like T-Mobile’s MyFaves) and they win. Many of our carrier partners are doing exactly what I just wrote, too, but I think many other carriers are still seeing “social networking” as a third-party application that they have to offer rather than as a communication construct they have to own – or else.
In conclusion, there really is no clear winner in the decoupled mobile social networking space at the moment, and any of the categories I mention has a good shot at owning the onramp to personal communication. Much will depend on strategic execution.